In March 2025, the Moon briefly had a 4G network that worked for about 25 minutes. That sounds less impressive until you consider the service area: roughly 384,000 kilometers from Earth, attached to a lunar lander with no repair...
For most of its history, the World Wide Web behaved like a place. We opened a browser, followed links, compared information, filled out forms, and completed whatever task had taken us online. Smartphones changed where that happened and broadband...
For most people, the Internet still appears human. Someone opens an application, searches for information, watches a video, checks a bank balance, or buys something online. Beneath that visible activity, however, an increasing share of the web consists of...
Manufacturing has spent decades progressing from mechanized equipment to programmable robots that perform tightly defined tasks with exceptional precision. Physical AI extends that model by combining perception, learned models and adaptive control, potentially allowing machines to handle conditions that...
Built to move power across distance, electricity grids are increasingly being asked to manage a second flow that is nearly as consequential: information. Utilities must accommodate distributed generation and storage alongside rising demand from electric vehicles and data centers...
AI may appear to exist in software, but its economic output depends on chips, electricity, cooling, networks, and the infrastructure that supports them. Yet the public image of data centers remains tied to older facilities with heavy cooling and...
The first worker displaced by a robot may never receive a termination notice. A warehouse employee leaves or a cleaner retires, and the employer simply does not replace the position. Part of the workload moves to a machine. The...
A mobile signal reaches the village, but the nearest government office remains three hours away. An entrepreneur opens the official portal on her phone to register a business and submits an identity number. The system fails to retrieve the...
Connected technology has advanced so quickly and broadly that many of its breakthroughs are becoming ordinary before they become memorable. The world ended 2025 with roughly 21.1 billion connected IoT devices, 14 percent more than a year earlier. Enterprise...
The Assumption of Infinite Capacity
For most of the internet’s history, inefficient design was treated as a tolerable cost because the surrounding infrastructure kept improving. Networks became faster, devices became stronger, and cloud capacity became easier to rent. Waste could...